This paper introduces conventional methods for generating micro-nano bubbles and systematically reviews the current research status and applications of this technology in environmental protection fields such as sewage purification, soil remediation, and waste gas treatment. It points out that the bubbles generated by micro-nano aeration technology have significant advantages such as long residence time, high mass transfer efficiency, high interfacial potential, and large specific surface area, which are of great significance for promoting technological development in the environmental protection industry and mitigating environmental pollution.